The Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

The Han and Rome EssayFrom 206 B.C.E. 220 C.E., the Han dynasty, in China, accumulated many political control methods, as did purple Rome reigning from 31 B.C.E. 476 C.E. However, at that place were more differences than similarities mingled with the two empires/dynasties. Two main differences were China and Romes territorial expansion and their political philosophies (mandate of heaven and monarchy). A similarity between these two empires would be their centralized government adopting bureaucracy.China put their trust in the mandate of heaven, which is a Chinese political theory that gave those in creator the right to rule from a divine authority. imperial Rome relied on a monarchy system, which put Augustus Caesar (Julius Caesars son) into power. Another factor that differentiated Han China and Imperial Rome was their territorial expansion.Imperial Rome expanded from Italy to Spain, Gaul, Macedonia, Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece and Britannia. However, although Han China ex pands throughout Asia, they felt they did not need to expand much to sustain their power. N wholenesstheless, what allowed Han China and Imperial Rome to resemble each other, was there centralized bureaucracies. This is a government system in which all of the important decisions are made by angiotensin-converting enzyme or a few authorities in a region.Rowland 2Han China (206 B.C.E. 220 C.E.) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. 476 C.E.) discriminate more with their political methods, than relate to one another. Two distinctions would be their political philosophies, mandate of heaven and monarchy, and their territorial expansion concepts. One aspect that helped them relate to one another was that they shared the ideal of a centralized bureaucracy.

1967 Six Day War Essay Example for Free

1967 cardinal twenty-four hours War EssayAssess the consequences of the 1967 (Six Day) War for ArabIsraeli transaction On the 23rd May 1967, the Israelis tell war on the Arabs due to the blocking of the straits to Israeli shipping. The 1967 Six Day War had a major impact on Arab-Israeli relations. This is due to Israel gaining agree over the active territories, large increases of Jewish settlement in the occupied territories, the increase of Israeli military in the shopping center East. The Israeli occupation of Arab territories had a large impact on Arab-Israeli relations. done the dominancy of the Israeli army during the Six Day War, they were able to capture the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip from Egypt, East Jerusalem, the West Bank from Jordon and the Golan senior high school from Syria. In addition, Israel controlled the Sharm el-Sheik and the Gulf of Aqaba. This was significant as Israel stopped Jordanian ships from entering the Red Sea and closed the Gulf of Aqab a to Arab shipping increasing the tensions between Israel and its neighbouring Arab States.In November 1967, UN Resolution 242 called for the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from the territories occupied in the recent conflict and the right of all countries to live in peace with secure and recognise boundaries. Even though, UN Resolution 242 favoured both parties, the Arabs did not regain their territories as Israel debated the resolution did not specify the withdrawal from all territories and they claimed that the Occupied Territories were vital to its security.However, Israel did emphasis the second base measure of the resolution claiming their right to exist, but the Arabs ignored it implying that Israel would first have to withdraw from the occupied territories. By both Arabs and Israelis not accepting UN resolution 242 and the recurrent Israeli control over the occupied territories, the tension between Arab-Israeli relations had increased. Also, the large increases of Jew ish settlement into the Occupied Territories had a major impact on Arab-Israeli relations.Between 1975 -1977, Israel had made 75 settlements in the West Bank as they offered people cheap housing and necessities such as employment and appliances. The Gaza Strip contained around 300,000 Arabs and the Israelis had settled 3000 Jews in the area creating tension between Arabs and Israelis as evident through the Intifada from 1987 to 1993 which killed thousands of people. By Israel creating large settlements in the Occupied Territories, it would be an diaphanous obstacle to any future peace negotiations over withdrawal from theOccupied Territories. The large group of Jewish immigrants also produced conflict in the Occupied Territories creating rigor for the Israeli Army as they continually had to stop violent raids. The Arabs argue that Jewish settlements should not occur in the Occupied Territories as it was Arab land withal the Jews argue that this land religiously belonged to them a s through the biblical names of the West Bank, Judea and Samaria.By Israel increasing Jewish settlements in the Occupied Territories, the Arab-Israeli relations had deteriorated as it was now difficult to organise a Jewish withdrawal. Furthermore, the increase in the Israeli reputation and the decrease in military strength of the Arabs heavily wedged Arab-Israeli relations. On the 5th June 1967, the Israelis launched a pre-emptive strike on the Arabs as 180 Israeli warplanes attacked the airfields of Egypt, Syria and Jordon destroying 400 military planes ultimately deciding the fate of the Six Day War.There is a general agreement amongst historians that although Israel struck first, this pre-emptive strike was defensive in nature. As a consequence of the war, 12,000 Arabs had died with only 338 Israeli casualties. historiographer Avner Cohen writes, In the end Israel launched a pre-emptive aerial attack in which most of the Egyptian air force was destroyed, virtually deciding the S ix Day War. Through Israels dominance they were regarded as the strongest military power in the Middle East.Also, the Arabs had become severely weakened as a result of the Six Day War, as they had lost a high amount of casualties and the relations between Syria, Jordon and Egypt declined as evident through Syria not accepting UN Resolution 242 piece Egypt and Jordon did. Through Israels superiority, their relations with Egypt had improved as highlighted through Egypt recognising Israel as a state in 1979. Nevertheless, Israels dominancy also stresses its improvement in its relations with Jordan signing a peace treaty in 1994, and Iran signing a peace treaty in 1979.Even though, certain relations improved the Arabs would deliberate to terrorism and the Israeli army would be seen as the aggressor. By Israel dominating the Six Day War and establishing itself as the strongest military power in the Middle East, its relations with other Arab countries had dramatically improved. In concl usion, the 1967 Six Day War had a major impact on Arab-Israeli relations. Due to Israel gaining control over the occupied territories and increasing its settlement, theArab-Israeli relations had declined as the Arabs were livid that Israel would not withdraw from the Occupied Territories and further complicate the situation by increasing Jewish settlement. Also, the Israelis had become maddened as most Arab countries continued not to recognise Israel as a state. However, as the reputation of the Israelis became high and the military strength of the Arabs declined, Arab-Israeli relations improved as evident through the peace treaties of Jordan, Egypt and Iran.

The Pearl Essay Example for Free

The Pearl EssayThe Pearl is John Steinbeck famous novel. Being a Nobel Prize winner, he is a keen observer of life. Steinbeck novels norm every last(predicate)y award struggling people, who have been disadvantaged by the society. His characters normally draw stories from real life or historical conditions prevalent in the 20th century. The Pearl is taradiddle of an Indian pearl diver kino gum, who is content with his life however this peace is shattered by temptation of a parvenu found pearl which accelerates his agreed.Its non only his greed, but its also round the greed of people around him including doctor, priest friends, and the shopkeeper all of which wish to partake Kinos new found wealth. Some want to by cheating other want by force and it this drama which unfolds throughout the novel. When Kino come abouts pearl he realizes that all the people surrounding him want to snatch way his fate by one way or other. Rich and poor, all becomes his enemies. Even the priest tries to find something out of Kinos pearl for his church.The priest pretext is thanking Lord but in reality it is his share (greed) that he wants out of Kinos wealth. When he goes to the doctor, even the mean doctor suddenly becomes nice (because he also wants Kinos pearl). When he goes to market even the buyers are miserly and they want to rip off Kino by offering him peanuts for the pearl of the world. Conclusion The writer has portrayed a very beautiful story about human greed and how it can shatter peace in life.The setting chosen by the author is very calm in the beginning which becomes tough at later stage. The story of pearl begins with discovery of pearl and its effects on Kino and the whole village. The novels opens with a new day (dawn) with the events taking localize in the later part of the day while the tragic part including the chase and death of the Kinos son takes place in the sin. When Kino returns to village its day thus we can say that Kino is portrayed as tr aveling from light to darkness led astray in the darkness and comes back to light.

Types of inflation and the rate of Bangladesh

Types of puffiness and the straddle of BangladeshIn 1990 the inflation ordain was highest prize 10.522 which average 20.47% after that from 1991 to 1993 the drift was going charge s humbledly like (-21.26, -56.26, -17.80) In 1995 the regularize was going little high like but that rate was not rec all over before rates. In 1996 the rate was again straight going down. From the 1997 to 1998 the rate was going up. After 1999 to 2001 the rate was again going down, and than the rate was going up on 2007. And the last 2 years (2008-2009) the inflation rate of Bangladesh was going down.Task 02A) InflationInflation is a organise in the general level of expenditures of goods and go in an delivery over a period of time. When the harm level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services consequently, inflation is overly erosion in the acquire condition of bills a loss of real value in the internal medium of permute and unit of account in the economy. A political bo ss measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price force (normally the Consumer Price Index) over time.B) ExplanationThis area of economics has probably given rise to one of the most significant macroeconomic debates in upstart history. There are essentially both causes of inflation. Cause of Demand take out Inflation Cause of Cost Push InflationCause of Demand Pull InflationDemand is influenced almost entirely by the step of bills in the economy, namely the money supply. They argue that inflation is cause by the amount of money in the economy and hence the expending power of the population exceeding the capacity of the country to establish goods and services. Increased money supply exit head teacher to increases in spending by transmission mechanisms and this depart invariably create a situation where aggregate conduct for goods and services exceeds the aggregate supply resulting in demand pull inflation. This is s hown by the break of the short-run aggregate demand curve in the diagram below.Cause of Cost Push InflationWhen firms court increase they will raise their prices in order to maintain the real value of their profits. This will result in the real incomes of the owners of the factors of production e.g. wages, falling. In an crusade to maintain their real income labour will demand higher money wages and this will in turn raise depotss. This is often referred to as approach push inflation and may be caused by Increases in factor prices e.g. oil price increase. An increase in wage settlements in excess of every increase in productivity. A devaluation or depreciation of currency leaveing to an increase in import prices. Interest rate increases will increase the cost of borrowing. Indirect taxation or the removal of subsidies.As in the diagram below.The Keynesian ArgumentThey argue that keeping a tight control over money supply so as to control spending is highly questionable. They argue that increases in money supply will lead to increases in spending and providing there are unemployed resources firms will increase output in response.Finally they argue that basing economic problems, how do you actually go about unequivocal the amount of money. In a world where there many ways in which pile can borrow money, can monetary policy successfully control the amount available for spending?The Monetarist View of InflationMonetarists put forward deuce possible explanations of inflation. Firstly they recognise that increases in aggregate demand may lead to demand pull inflation. Increases in spending in excess of the full employment level of output will create shortages (overheating) and firms will raise their prices. This can be shown by a shift of the aggregate demand curve to the right.Task 03A) Under the bed, Not a safe agency for your savingsMy money at home is a high risk strategy, as most household insurance policies will only cover a limited amount of cash.The total value of Bank of England banknotes in circulation continues to rise, but their use in transactions is falling gradually.Most of all, further more(prenominal), keeping your savings in cash will also mean that you are slowly losing money. Holding physical cash gives no protection against inflation, which official consumer prices index figures put at 1.5%. This means that in order to maintain the purchasing power of your hard earned money it needs to be attracting an interest rate of at to the lowest degree inflation, preferably plus whatever tax you be cave in.B) This was a predictable Budget which did nothing to simplify the tax regime so businesses are in for other heavy Finance Bill.May be it can increase the rate of interest.Every month it should be multi more rather than main money.C) It was tough to pay the leant money.If you lent money through Prosper back then, when most of its loans were extended, theres a very high chance that youve lost money in some cases, a lot of money. Of investors with a portfolio of loans that are an average of at least two years old, notes Gimein, folks who make believe lost money add up those whove earned 6 percent annual return by more than six to one. superstar of the big problems that Prosper ran into the massive credit crunch and the ensue Great Recession could reasonably be considered to be a one-off event with a low likelihood of happening again. But another is endemic to the present Prosper borrowers with a given FICO score are inevitably going to be more likely to default on their debts than most other people with the same credit score.It wasnt meant to be that way. Peer-to-peer lending was meant to create a personal data link amid borrower and lender, and therefore make borrowers more likely to recompense their debts than people faced with large obligations to hated, faceless banks. But it seems that adverse selection final results overwhelmed the turn ups attempts to be warm and fuzzy.Task 04A) Inflation is a sustained rise in the average prices of goods within an economy it can also be seen as a change in the purchasing power of money. Inflation can normally be divided into two types cost-push and demand-pull. Cost-push happens when prices are pulled up by rising costs, demand-pull happens when demand outstrips supply and prices will therefore have to rise to accommodate this. Monetarists argue that inflation is caused increases in the money supply, the total amount of money circulating in the economy at one time. This is as the believe that any increase in the money supply which is not in line with the growth in output of the economy will lead to inflation. If the money supply was increased in the short-run then consumer spending.When you introduce money into circulation out of nowhere, it lessens the value of everyones money. It is in everybodys best interest, then, to keep inflation low.In Germany after WW1, they purposefully hyper-inflated their money. People were bri nging money into stores in wheelbarrows just to buy daily groceries. They used money to fuel the fire and even used it as toilet paper, because it was virtually worthless.We want to tackle inflation because we dont want that to happen.B)Cost Push InflationCost-push inflation occurs when businesses respond to rising production costs, by raising prices in order to maintain their profit margins. There are many reasons why costs might rise uprising imported sensible materials costs perhaps caused by inflation in countries that are heavily dependent on exports of these commodities or alternatively by a fall in the value of the pound in the foreign exchange markets which increases the UK price of imported inputs.Higher indirect taxes imposed by the government for example a rise in the rate of excise duty on alcohol and cigarettes, an increase in fuel duties or perhaps a rise in the streamer rate of Value Added Tax or an extension to the range of products to which VAT is applied.Demand Pull Inflation A reduction in direct or indirect taxation. If direct taxes are reduced consumers have more real disposable income causing demand to rise. A reduction in indirect taxes will mean that a given amount of income will now buy a greater real volume of goods and services. Rising consumer confidence and an increase in the rate of growth of house prices both of which would lead to an increase in total household demand for goods and services Faster economic growth in other countries providing a boost to UK exports overseas.In the first diagram the SRAS curve is drawn as non-linear. In the second, the macroeconomic equilibrium following an outward shift of AD takes the economy beyond the equilibrium at potential GDP. This causes an inflationary gap to appear which then triggers higher wage and other factor costs. The effect of this is to cause an inward shift of SRAS taking real national output back towards a macroeconomic equilibrium at Yfc but with the general price level higher than it was before.Task 05A) preparation-Side EconomicsThe term supply-side economics is used in two divergent but related ways. Some use the term to refer to the fact that production (supply) underlies consumption and living standards. In the long run, our income levels reflect our ability to produce goods and services that people value. Higher income levels and living standards cannot be achieved without expansion in output. Virtually all economists accept this proposition and therefore are supply siders. deliver-side economics is also used to describe how changes in marginal tax rates influence economic activity. Supply-side economists believe that high marginal tax rates strongly discourage income, output, and the EFFICIENCY of resource use.B) Supply-Side FactorsBangladeshs Factors? Rising world food pricesThe economy of Bangladesh is dependent on imports for most of the essential food items. Any increase in internationalist prices is, therefore, expected to be passed on to domestic prices through the import channel. We notice a secular increase in the prices of four major food items (rice, wheat, soybean oil and sugar) in the international market during 2003-2007 (Table 3). Since Bangladesh is an importdependent small economy, a positive relationship is expected to exist between world food prices and domestic inflation. As the cargo of food items in the consumption is 58.84 percent at the national level, rising world food prices would influence overall inflation in Bangladesh.? Changes in diesel pricesGlobal oil prices have been rising steadily having macroeconomic impact on oureconomy. Recently, UNDP (2007) has rated Bangladesh as one of the high oil price vulnerable countries. However, two factors are pertinent to assess the impact of oil price change on inflation. Firstly, the current regime of administered pricing of petroleum products1 has involved significant lags in adjusting to world prices. Secondly, the existing construction of CPI excludes diesel, which constitutes more than 60 percent of total annual import of petroleum products. Consequently, its major impact is indirect throughtransport fares and irrigation costs. From Figure 5, we observe that generally every hike in diesel price is followed by a rising trend of point-to point inflation in one to three months lag. 1 The pass-through coefficient of diesel is 0.43 meaning that 43 percent of diesel price increase has been passed on to consumers (UNDP, 2007).? Exchange rate fluctuationsAmong supply-side factors, exchange rate is found to be significant in explaininginflation in Bangladesh. A depreciation of exchange rate translates into a rise in the cost of imported commodities by making foreign goods more expensive, and thus induces an increase in the domestic price level. There is a close association between exchange rate fluctuations and inflation. Since the adoption of a floating exchange rate regime in May 2003, any depreciation of the exchange rate has been associated with a pickup in inflation by increasing the pricesof imported goods. It is evident from Figure 6 that Bangladesh Taka shows a depreciating trend while Indian rupee displays an appreciating trend during the period from FY98 to FY07. The depreciation of Taka makes imported commodities more expensive having bearing on the domestic price level.United Kingdoms FactorSupply side policies are govt measures to increase productivity in the economy and therefore shift LRAS to the right. Supply side policies usually involve reducing blockages to the free market or overcoming market failure. The key macroeconomic objectives of the govt include low inflation, low unemployment, increasing the sustainable rate of economic growth and minimising the balance of payments disequilibrium.Privatisation and deregulation were an of the essence(p) supply side policy of the 1980s they involved selling state owned assets to the private sector and increasing competition within markets. Priva te companies have a profit incentive to cut costs and be more efficient. Greater competition also causes lower prices and more efficient methods of production, as firms contest for customers. This has enabled lower prices and greater productivity in some industries. However, this policy has been relatively unsuccessful in industries such as Rail and water because they are a natural monopoly and it is difficult to introduce competition into these industriesAnother example of supply side policies is education and training, if these policies are adopted then it enables higher labour productivity and improved economic performance. However, this policy may be subject to govt failure for example, the govt may have poor information and set up inappropriate schemes which do not benefit workersTask 06EconomicsThe risk of inflationContents Inflation rate of Bangladesh Definition of inflation Impacts of inflation Controlling inflation Supply side economics Source of referenceInflation rate of Bangladesh since 1990 to 2009In 1990 the inflation rate was highest rate 10.522 which average 20.47% after that from 1991 to 1993 the rate was going down slowly like (-21.26, -56.26, -17.80) In 1995 the rate was going little high like but that rate was not recover before rates. In 1996 the rate was again straight going down. From the 1997 to 1998 the rate was going up. After 1999 to 2001 the rate was again going down, and than the rate was going up on 2007. And the last 2 years (2008-2009) the inflation rate of Bangladesh was going down.Definition of inflationInflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services consequently, inflation is also erosion in the purchasing power of money a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy. A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized p ercentage change in a general price index (normally the Consumer Price Index) over time.Impacts of inflation keeping your savings in cash will also mean that you are slowly losing money. Holding physical cash gives no protection against inflation, which official consumer prices index figures put at 1.5%. This means that in order to maintain the purchasing power of your hard earned money it needs to be attracting an interest rate of at least inflation, preferably plus whatever tax you pay.If you lent money through Prosper back then, when most of its loans were extended, theres a very high chance that youve lost money in some cases, a lot of money. Of investors with a portfolio of loans that are an average of at least two years old, notes Gimein, folks who have lost money outnumber those whove earned 6 percent annual return by more than six to one.One of the big problems that Prosper ran into the massive credit crunch and the ensuing Great Recession could reasonably be considered t o be a one-off event with a low likelihood of happening again. But another is endemic to the model Prosper borrowers with a given FICO score are inevitably going to be more likely to default on their debts than most other people with the same credit score.It wasnt meant to be that way. Peer-to-peer lending was meant to create a personal connection between borrower and lender, and therefore make borrowers more likely to repay their debts than people faced with large obligations to hated, faceless banks. But it seems that adverse selection effects overwhelmed the sites attempts to be warm and fuzzy.Controlling inflationA) Inflation is a sustained rise in the average prices of goods within an economy it can also be seen as a change in the purchasing power of money. Inflation can normally be divided into two types cost-push and demand-pull. Cost-push happens when prices are pulled up by rising costs, demand-pull happens when demand outstrips supply and prices will therefore have to rise to accommodate this. Monetarists argue that inflation is caused increases in the money supply, the total amount of money circulating in the economy at one time. This is as the believe that any increase in the money supply which is not in line with the growth in output of the economy will lead to inflation. If the money supply was increased in the short-run then consumer spending.When you introduce money into circulation out of nowhere, it lessens the value of everyones money. It is in everybodys best interest, then, to keep inflation low.Supply side economicsThe term supply-side economics is used in two different but related ways. Some use the term to refer to the fact that production (supply) underlies consumption and living standards. In the long run, our income levels reflect our ability to produce goods and services that people value. Higher income levels and living standards cannot be achieved without expansion in output. Virtually all economists accept this proposition and th erefore are supply siders.Supply-side economics is also used to describe how changes in marginal tax rates influence economic activity. Supply-side economists believe that high marginal tax rates strongly discourage income, output, and the EFFICIENCY of resource use.Source of ReferenceTask 01? http//www.indexmundi.com/bangladesh/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).htmlTask 02? http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation? http//www.bized.co.uk/virtual/dc/copper/theory/th17.htmTask 03? http//www.thisismoney.co.uk/savings-and-banking/ask-an-expert/article.html?in_article_id=495492in_page_id=111? By self-importance? http//blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2010/01/19/the-problem-with-peer-to-peer-lending/Task 04? http//blog.economics4development.com/how-to-tackle-inflation? http//uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100611143716AAzABWG? http//www.blurtit.com/q929238.html? http//tutor2u.net/economics/gcse/revision_notes/big_picture_inflation_remedies.htm? http//tutor2u.net/economics/revision-not es/a2-macro-causes-of-inflation.htmlTask 05? http//www.econlib.org/library/Enc/SupplySideEconomics.html? http//bdeconassoc.org/userfiles/pdf/27%20Sources%20of%20Inflation%20in%20Bangladesh-%20Nasiruddin%20Ahmed.pdf? http//www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/as-essays/supply-side-policies-improving-econ.html

Reflection on Clinical Placement

Reflection on Clinical spatial relationClinical Placement Reflection 1Communication with others within the clinical setting this may intromit faculty members, patients and relatives. From workings within in a team I curb learnt that communication in health and social care underpins e very(prenominal)thing that professionals do and butt end determine the reference of service that patients receive. Poor communication between members of inter-professional teams affects the quality of care patients receive and can result in whatever number of bad palpates for the patients. Ive noticed that around of the factors that contribute to poor communication include the use of professional jargon, abbreviations and poor handwriting. Thus I made it a personal objective try and avoid these behaviours and if I did for example, use jargon I made sure its universal so that there is no miscommunication.Your index to work within a team. During this epoch on military position I have been abl e to witness and participate in multidisciplinary team meetings and have besides had the opportunity to work with different healthcare professionals such as physiotherapist and also have been pertain in guard rounds with doctors and nurses. The ward I was placed had a great team. I always felt a part of the team, and that I was making a valuable contribution thanks to twain my eagerness to take on anything they threw at me, and, their inclusiveness and supportiveness. I learnt that holding back and waiting for great deal to notice you is not a full(a) strategy. Let everyone know that youre interested every day, and opportunities will come your way.Your role and kinship with others within the clinical charge My role and relationship with others within the clinical setting was very important to me. It was important for me to build the team member relationship with others as it helps to examine a mutual empathizeing and trust with other team members. When reflecting upon my o wn strengths and weaknesses, in relation to my role and relationship with others, I feel that whilst I am beginning to acquire an in depth understanding of the role of the nurse in the care of the patient, I feel that I lack substantial acquaintance of the roles of the other healthcare professionals that I work alongside in the care of these same patients. I have listed the priority of this as being medium to high-pitched as I feel that it is not possible to become an trenchant collaborative healthcare member without having an understanding of the roles of others with whom I am are working with. If there is a lack of understanding of the roles of others, I feel that it would be difficult to see why they are involved in the care of my patient, or even when it is appropriate to involve other healthcare professionals, inevitably leading to the quality of the care for the patient to suffer. Thus I made it in my high hat interest to interact more with others during the placement so t hat I could work alongside them confidently and work towards the same goals.Your problem firmness of purpose learnings. Where possible h whollyow examples of how you have used these. Being in acute care setting, the kind of problem-solving that I did tend to be solving were immediate problems rather long-term problems. For example, patients who slope get up who needs to have a sponge and clean linens on their bed. However each patient is different and often I couldnt just perform the task without thought. The process of problem solving has guided me in finding stems to a problem. I have learnt that this process is effective and helps me acquit the right decisions. I have also learnt to reflect on my decision so that I can see if the decision was the best or not for the land site. To assist me in problem solving more complex situations, I asked my instruct to provide some problem solving stimulations to further develop my problem-solving skills which was very beneficial for m y learning process.Your conviction management skills I learnt the importance of time management a lot during this placement. On one of the days, I did not process my patient before 800 am in order to prepare her for her family visit later on that day. My patients 1000 am Parkinsons medication administration was delayed by 45 minutes because she was being washed at that time. This event occurred because I did not prioritize the tasks I had to discern during the day properly, and therefore I learned the importance of time management. If I had obtained nursing knowledge and familiarize myself with the daily routine care of the patient I could have handle my time more efficiently. After this event, I learned effective time management strategies to handle my time on clinical and I will definitely utilize the time managing strategies step by step from knowing , planning , prioritizing tasks, gaining support from other nurses, and being flexible with my tasks.Your ability to understand your competence and scope of practice It was important for me to have an understanding my own competence and scope of practice as it guides me to good clinical practice and the legal transfer of my care to my patients. As a student enrolled nurse, there were strict practice standards and regulations, especi ally when medication is involved and supervision from our mentor was required at all times. Reflecting back, there were situations where although the practice was within my scope of practice, the policy and procedures of the facility did not allow it thus it is important to understand and familiarize yourself with the policy and procedures of the hospital as well as working within your scope.How you adapt and use in the buff technology and reflect on historical changes in nursing As I was quite young and I didnt have any problems adapting and using new technology. It was very exciting seeing new technology as I believe it will greatly improve nursing practice and make it more efficient. Some of the new technologies I had the opportunities to use include new indispensable signs machine, lifting machines and computer programs that included online hospital policy and procedures and mims. All documentation was still hand-written and stored in folders. Historically, nursing documentation has been a hand- written. However, today facilities are now introducing new technology aimed to improve efficiency and effectiveness.Your readiness in relation to your nursing skills Competency in relation to my nursing skills had a lot to do with my self-reliance. For me, say-so is an important aspect of the practice of nursing and plays a major role in development. After an incident, I recognised that despite my lack of confidence the skill set that required to be completed for a particular patient was within my scope of practice, within my ability and within my knowledge base. On reproval it is clear that my lack of confidence in my ability, when put on the spot contr ibuted to my feelings of inadequacy which affected my competency in relation to my nursing skills. Through check and use of a mentor I was able to clarify that my weakness was not my nursing skills or knowledge level but my inability to in effect perform when under close scrutiny, which in turn led to a lack of confidence in my skill level and clinical knowledge. To develop my confidence and communication skill I became proactive and requested the assistance of a senior clinical educator to critically assess my skills and knowledge base. By doing this I reinforced my knowledge and skills but more importantly developed self-confidence. My efforts in seeking assistance and assessment of my skills could be seen as a step in becoming more independent. By gaining input and validation from my clinical educator, I ensured that I was able to successfully utilize my nursing skills competently and independently.An overall chiding of the day and how you can use your reflection to improve yo ur practice Upon starting this placement I didnt really know what to anticipate as it was my first time in a hospital setting, so when I was asked around my expectations all I could say was That I wanted to learn all I can Thinking back on that not so confident response, now at the end of this placement, gives me good insight into how valuable this placement has been to my professional development. This placement gave me the opportunity to begin to see myself as a professional, as I gradually learnt how to think critically around the patients health and managing their care and needs. This led to my becoming increasingly confident in the role I was determined to fill. Although I feel that I have a long way to go in this endeavour and will always continue learning, I know that I have learnt a lot during my time at this placement. To further improve my practice, I will use reflection as it enables me to solve problems or learn from actions through idea consciously about an activity which would then enable me learn and develop.Clinical Placement Reflection 2Communication with others within the clinical setting this may include staff members, patients and relatives. During my placement I was in a stroke unit. Being on this unit, I worked with many clients who suffered from post-stoke symptoms and many had difficulty with speech. The experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an aspiring nurse, I have to continuously sharpen my communication skills because I will be interacting with more diverse range of patients in the future. I have to be able to establish rapport with each new patient and I can do this by communicating with them. I must maximise my communication with my patients because I can do a lot of things by communicating such as motivate, empower, educate and understand my patients.Your ability to work within a team. Working in a team provides me with a great satisfaction. From this teamwork experience, I strongly feel the importance of teamwork in providing legitimate care for patients. It taught me to interact with others and as an individual in order to work towards the same goal. I had witnessed examples of both good and poor inter-professional collaboration and communication whilst in practice and have reflected on those incidents. Also, being self-aware I found was not only essential to nursing as a basis for reflection but it also contributed to how I communicate with others and assisted me in developing inter-personal skills with our colleagues so that I could work better in a team.Your role and relationship with others within the clinical practice In order to work efficiently together, it was important to understand my role and the roles of others within the clinic setting. My professional relationships with others was good except with occupational therapist (OT) mainly because I never had a fully understand of their role. I felt more clarity was needed surrounding the role of the OT so I made the efforts to look for and speak to some of the OT to find out about their roles. As a result I was able to witness some of their work and worked closely with them. Being professional relationships and understand the roles of others has also lead me to understanding about the unique qualities and skills that different professionals bring to the team. In learning about other team members roles, I was also able to enhance my own professional identity which made me comfortable in the clinical setting.Your problem solving skills. Where possible give examples of how you have used these.I was quite a confident problem-solving however there are times where Im approach with a situation where I can identify the problem but Im not able to come up with a solution due to lack of experience. For example performing venepuncture the patient had very poor mineral vein and my first attempt failed and was very demotivated. We were never taught in school on how to deal with ba d veins except to have two attempts and have someone else do it if you fail. Determined to do the venepuncture successful, I suggested to my mentor, if I was able to pull the vein downwards to minimise the movement of the vein. With the approval of my mentor, I went in and was successful on my second attempt.Your time management skills Prioritizing is a necessary tool for effective time management thus I made sure I prioritize tasks from high to low priority order. However during this placement, a staff had headered my time management skill because I choose to assist patient who was lying in a soiled bed over researching my medications that was due in one-half an hour. This experience made me question how I was prioritising my time management skills. I decided to reflect on experience, and I believe that the staff was wrong to question my time management skills. I had thought about which was the greater priority in this situation and I still believe that the patient was. If the sam e situation arose again I feel that I would not do anything different other than to speak up and justify my decisions. I recognize and knowledge epoch management as an important skill in nursing and hope that my skills will further improve with practice.Your ability to understand your competence and scope of practice My ability to understand my competence and scope of practice is demonstrated through my clinical practice to safely provide care that is in accordance to the competency standards and actively informing others of my scope of practice. I always clarified what the specific activity or task details were from my mentor and obtained any additional reading that I may need, such as facility policies or procedures. I also I made sure I expressed the concern to my mentor or educator. An example of this was my knowledge of medication. Although it was in my scope to administer medication, it was important that I do it competently with full understanding of the drug use and why th e patient is receiving it. While it was in my scope, I lacked knowledge of the drug therefore I felt incompetent to administer it safely. For this reason, I made it my goal to research the medications prior to administration.How you adapt and use new technology and reflect on historical changes in nursing During my placement, I adapted well to the new technology. The ward I was on had new software integrated in their computers which allowed me to access patient results and continue my learning through web-based training programs and access to online medical dictionaries and mims. My experience using these was very positive and very efficient. Historically, nursing documentation has been a hand- written. This was still the case in the ward that I was working in. This form of documenting has provided good communication between health care professionals and plan of patient care for the patient for a long period however the increase of medical errors and miscommunication has dictated f acilities to introduce new technology aimed to improve this and the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical practice.Your competency in relation to your nursing skills Nursing competency requires accumulation of differentiate based knowledge and skills, understanding of cultural diversity and the care provided. During clinical practice I used the ANMC competency standards to reflect on my own practice. Areas that I felt competent in was my providing care in a safely manner and my ability to address the physiological, psychological, physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the patients and significant others. In addition, I continued professional education in order to build up knowledge and skills that will be necessary in coping with the energetic changes in healthcare. Continuing education ensures that my knowledge is current and level of competency is maintained at a satisfactory level.An overall reflection of the day and how you can use your reflection to improve your practi ce My last placement has proved to be a huge progress. Through observations and clinical practice, I managed to develop my nursing skills both as an independent learner, but also as a member of the health team. Having been assigned patient loads, research medications and or reflecting on how I went, I was able to employ a range of skills that could not have found a better environment to develop in critical thinking and problem solving, working with others and time management are just few examples. I will continue to do reflective practice to evaluate any clinical incident, positive or negative to attempt to better understand and contemplate the events which have taken place, and the behaviour, emotions and actions of not only myself, but the patient and others involved at that time In doing so, It will increase knowledge surrounding that situation and my professional development.

The Rise Of Islamic Fundamentalism Politics Essay

The Rise Of Islamic Fundamentalism Politics EssayThe emergence of radical and extremist Islamist movements has proved to be the principal source of instability in the world. From the 19th century the world has witness to a reawakening of the Muslim world in various places as a result of the encounter with Western culture1. The hop on of radical Islamist groups has been influenced by the leading ideologues of Islamic fundamentalist thought, Jamal Al Din Al Afghani (1839-1897), Maulana Abul Ali Mawdudi (1903-79) the start Amir of the Jamaate-Islami, Ayatollah Khomeini (1909-89) leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Party of Iran, Hassan-al-Banna and Syed Qutb (1906-66) of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt2. These ideologues advocated global jihad against non-Islamic societies and renders and emphasised that political power is indispensable to the establishment of an Islamic state. The concepts of Dar-el-Islam and Dar-el-Harb and jihad as advocated by the Islamists envisage a perpetual state of confrontation between Islamic and non-Islamic states.3Though Muslims, like any other non-Muslim, occupy ternary identities ghostly, ethnic, tribal, linguistic or territorial, the emphasis by the Islamists on the Islamic identity puts them in collision course with the state and other groups. Islamist intellectuals, ulema and activists dedicate been seeking to blur the distinction between Islam as a religion and nationalism. They prop up the Islamic political consciousness by politicising already existing religious traditions and practices and by resisting change and modernisation. The concept of Ummah or Millat is being invoked to abet, support and legitimise the secessionist movements of Muslims living in non-Muslim states.If one goes by the strict definition of the term Islamic fundamentalism, it stands for a return to the doctrines of Islam in their original form as were practised in the medieval times. It could also mean idealising the historical past of Islam and c alling for a return to pure and original Islam, which can be achieved through peaceful, lawful, cultural and spiritual means. But in practice, the focus of Islamists has been Islamisation of the state rather than reform of the individuals. It has generated negate as the Islamic fundamentalists seek to impose their will through coercion, violence and terror. Islamist extremists pose a challenge to the secular and democratic polity, pluristic social order and inter-religious harmony.With the rise of Taliban to power, Afghanistan became the breeding ground of Islamist terrorism. The Taliban enforced their extremist religious and socio-political agenda and turned Afghanistan into the hub of arms, drugs trafficking and foreign terrorism with Osama bin Laden using it as a brutish of Al Qaida and other Islamist terrorist outfits. The threat posed by Laden and the Taliban to world peace and security was universally recognised and UN sanctions were imposed against the Taliban. Undaunted by international criticism, the Taliban unleashed atrocities against women, children, ethnic-religious minorities and political opponents, thereby deepening the internal divide in Afghanistan, besides violating the basic human rightfulnesss of Afghans. The UN and other international peace initiatives made no head teacher in the face of determined Taliban opposition to share power with rival Afghan groups. Afghanistan remained fractured and turbulent posing great challenge to peace and security in the region. The Taliban rebuffing all international appeals and ignoring widespread international condemnation, not only went ahead with the destruction of the colossal Buddhas of Bamiyan, but even made a public certainty of their savage acts4. By destroying the rich and composite historical cultural heritage of Afghanistan, the Taliban sought to reaffirm Afghanistans lead role as a puritan Islamist state in South and Central Asia and also to set an agenda for radical Islamist forces.Os ama bin Laden and his network played a key role in the terrorist attacks in South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and also in the West. However, it was only after the 9/11 terrorist strikes on World Trade Centre and Pentagon that the joined States and its Western allies recognised the severity of the challenge posed by Al Qaida and the Taliban. The US garnered sufficient political will to lead the global contend against terrorism. The US-led forces have severely mauled the Taliban and the Al Qaida, destroyed much of their military machine and bases. However, both the Taliban and elements of the Al Qaida network still exist and are again developing within Afghanistan and neighbouring Pakistan. Leaders and thousands of supporters of Al Qaida and the Taliban militia have shifted to Pakistan. So ensuring sustainable security and stability in Afghanistan is a great challenge facing the international community. This can be achieved only by total elimination of the Al Qaida network, t heir supporters, financiers, safe havens and training camps in various parts of the world.METHODOLOGYSTATEMENT OF THE problemTo analyse the reasons of rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan and its threat to the world.hypothesisIslamic Fundamentalism is a global phenomenon and its affects can be felt across frontiers. Afghanistan has become jet head of Islamic fundamentalism. Afghanistan lies in the middle of a region fermenting Islamic fundamentalist terrorism. This is one single-largest source of terrorism on the planet earth, with telescope for expansion into Central Asian Region, China, Eastern Europe, South and South East Asia.JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDYWith the development of modern communications and various connections between the terrorist groups on the increase, the trend of global terrorism is on the increase. Islamic fundamentalism which has been raising its head to support terrorism as a weapon for its war against the non viewrs. While all religions have their chauvinists, it is resurgent Islam which somehow appears to be at the forefront of terrorism. Of course there is a secular version of Islam but the vast major(ip)ity of the Muslims believe that they can be true Muslims only if they live in an Islamic state. It is the self perception that true believers have a God given right to promote the historical relevance of a religion that is behind much of todays global terrorism. In fact Islamic fundamentalists are hypothesising that with the end of the cold war, secularism in their countries is giving way to their brand of Islam and are presenting themselves as an alternative to westernised rulers.5Afghanistan, which has had a long turbulent past including a period of erstwhile Soviet occupation, has been interpreted over by Islamic fundamentalism after a long and bitter conflict between various groups out of which as of late the Taliban has been the most successful. The Taliban have been trained in various Deeni Madrasas6and have been ind octrinated to enforce a very strict kind of Islamic rule on Afghanistan which is unlike any traditions in that countries much volatile past. Moreover with weapons and infrastructure supplied by the US to fight the Soviet occupation and those left behind by the Soviets gives a chance to the discontented youth of Afghanistan to export terrorism with a religious face throughout the world. In view of this, it is quite possible that Afghanistan will become a major focal point for Islamic terrorists to train and act on the existing non Islamic states with the overt/ covert support of Islamic states.SCOPE7. The study would endure on the rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan with special reference to Taliban and its effect on the world.METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION8. The study is primarily based on knowledge gathered from books written by prominent Indian, foreign authors as well as information available on the internet. The books and periodicals used for the purpose of research hav e been drawn from the Library of Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington. Other sources of information are articles written in Indian, Pakistani, Western newspapers and news services such as the CNN and BBC as well as some defence journals. A bibliography of the sources is appended at the end of the text. The guidance given by Colonel SK Karwal, the Directing Staff has been of immense rate in preparation of this paper. Afghanistan being a very current topic has undergone a series of ups and downs during the course of my preparation of the dissertation.ORGANISATION OF DISSERTATION9. It is proposed to study the radical under the following heads-(a) Chapter I. Introduction Methodology.(b) Chapter II. The Growth of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan.(c) Chapter III. Afghanistan as Source of Terrorism in the Region.(d) Chapter IV. Religious Intolerance.(e) Chapter V. The Nexus between Drug Trafficking and Terrorism.(e) Chapter VI. The Afghanistan remainder and Energy Sec urity.(f) Chapter VII. Conclusion.

The Spanish Inquisition Essay -- European History

The Spanish InquisitionThe word inquisition means to examine. Inquisitors would examine suspected Heretics, people whose ideas do not match those of the Roman Catholic Church, and punish them accordingly. This included torture and burning. The great inquisition movement that took place in Spain, or Hispania as it was called before Spain united. It was called The Spanish Inquisition. It took place for approximately fivesome hundred years, from the late 15th century to mid 19th century. M whatever ironic elements were involved in the muniment of the Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition lasted longer than any other preceding it, and was the most cruel, bloodthirsty, and festive of all. The objective of the inquisition, in its early state, was to convert all Jews into Christians, but later it mutated into an ugly machine whos wise objective was to rid the country of the newly converted Christians. In an age where there was such a close bond between church and state, competition to th e church was intolerable. The Inquisition caused Spain to become intellectually backward, and economically and industrially damaged. The powerful influence of the Inquisition forbade social influences, such as books from other parts of Europe, to calculate Spain. Consequently, the universities remained stagnant, unable to produce graduates understanding the world around them. from the lack of information on the other civilizations in the rest of Europe. As a result of this, they came into the twentieth century intellectually inferior and bankrupt. With the banished, tortured, and persecuted heretics in mind, it is possible that the Spanish Inquisition is perhaps one of the most cruel acts performed on innocent people in the name of religion.Before the Spanish Inquisition took place, several other inquisition movements appeared, but none quite so barbaric and brutal as the Spaniards did. Waves of opposition towards the church swept Europe in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century, it was a modern belief that a peaceful, utopian government could be obtained if all of the population of the society were pure and Catholic The Medieval Inquisition started in France and Italy. During this time a group of people called the Albigensies lived in northern Italy and gray France. They had established a religion called Manichaeanism, which was the belief in two gods, one for good and one for evil. Pop... ...r of the bigotry and the persecution that took place. It is only one of many persecuting acts that are piled on top of Jewish history. Many Christians look back onto the Inquisition with shame and humidity. The Spanish Inquisition has inflicted untold amounts of damage onto the Spanish society and everyone elses. It was one of the beat out religious acts of ignorance and bigotry ever orchestrated by a group of people.BibliographyLea, Henry Charles. 1966 A history of the Inquisition of Spain. AMD Press, advanced York, NY Llorente, Juan Antonio 1967 A critical history o f the Inquisition of Spain, from the period of its establishment by Ferdinand V to the reign of Ferdinand VII, composed from the original documents of the Archives of the Supreme Council of the Inquisition and from those of subordinate tribunals of the Holy Office. J. Lilburne Co. Williamstown, MA.Roth, Cecil. 1964 The Spanish Inquisition. Norton Press, New York, NY.Sabatini, Rafael. 1924 Torquemada and the Spanish inquisition a history by Rafael Sabatini. Houghton Mifflin Compan, Boston, MA/New York, NY.Turberville, Arthur Stanley. 1968 The Spanish Inquisition. Archon Books, Hamden, Conn.