Jealousy in Marriage Why it Happens and What to Do

Jealousy in Marriage Why it Happens and What to Do Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Jealousy in Marriage: How It Happens and What to Do By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 28, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 28, 2020 Andersen Ross / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Jealousy is a normal emotion. In fact, everyone experiences jealousy at some point in their lives. But, issues occur when jealousy moves from a healthy emotion to something that is unhealthy and irrational. Whether you are the jealous partner or your spouse is the jealous one, irrational and excessive jealousy can eventually destroy your marriage. Here is an overview of jealousy including steps you can take to overcome this emotion in your marriage. Overview of Jealousy Jealousy is a reaction to a perceived threatâ€"real or imaginedâ€"to a valued relationship and is very common.?? In fact, jealousy is an issue in one-third of all couples receiving marriage counseling, according to a nationwide survey of marriage counselors. A little jealousy can be reassuring in a relationship and may even be programmed into us. But, a lot of jealousy is overwhelming and scary, especially because it can lead to dangerous behaviors like stalking, digital dating violence, and physical abuse. There’s no reason to believe that jealousy will improve with time or by getting married. Jealousy is not an emotion that can be banished with wishful thinking. It goes right to the core of the self and has deep roots. It takes awareness and effort to overcome jealous feelings. Normal Jealousy vs. Unhealthy Jealousy Occasional jealousy is natural and can keep a relationship alive. But when it becomes intense or irrational, it can seriously damage a relationship. In relationships where feelings of jealousy are mild and occasional, it reminds couples not to take each other for granted. Jealousy also can motivate couples to appreciate one another and make a conscious effort to make sure their partner feels valued. Jealousy also heightens emotions, making love feel stronger and sex more passionate.?? In small, manageable doses, jealousy can be a positive force in a marriage. But when jealousy is intense or irrational, the story is very different. In fact, irrational or excessive jealousy is often a warning sign of a potentially abusive relationship. Eventually, jealous people feel so overwhelmed by their emotions and insecurities that they will begin to exert control over their partners. They may even resort to violence, financial abuse, and verbal bullying in order to maintain control and alleviate or mask their jealous feelings. Signs of Unhealthy Jealousy Being able to distinguish between healthy jealousy and unhealthy jealousy is important to the success of the relationship. When a healthy relationship experiences jealousy, it comes from a place of protection. One person sees a potential threat to the marriage and expresses concern or jealousy. Together, the couple discusses the issue rationally and comes to an agreement on how to move forward. They are both committed to the relationship and are not insecure about who they are as individuals. Meanwhile, unhealthy jealousy is rooted more in fear of abandonment and a worry about not being truly loved.?? Unhealthy jealousy is characterized by: excessively questioning a partners behaviors and motivesdemanding an account of where the partner has beentexting a partner non-stop when the couple is apartreading emails and texts or listening to voicemails expecting to discover infidelity or a liedisplaying unusual insecurity and fearbeing paranoid about what the partner is doing or feelingengaging in storytelling and making accusations that are not truefollowing or stalking a partner to confirm whereaboutsinfringing on the partners freedom or prohibiting them from seeing friends or family Causes of Jealousy People who struggle with jealousy often experience a multitude of emotions including fear, anger, grief, worry, sadness, doubt, pain, self-pity, and humiliation. They also may struggle with a sense of failure, feel suspicious, or feel threatened. ?? Jealousy can be caused by many factors but some possible reasons include: Having unrealistic expectations about marriage in generalMaintaining unrealistic expectations of their spouseHaving a misguided sense of ownership over their spouseReliving a hurtful experience of abandonment in the pastBeing insecure or having poor self-imageFearing abandonment or betrayalWorrying about losing someone or something important to themFeeling intense possessiveness or a desire for control Consequences of Irrational Jealousy It is not uncommon for couples to misinterpret jealousy for love. But displaying abnormal jealousy is anything but loving. If left unaddressed, over time, jealousy will wreak havoc on a relationship as the jealous person becomes more and more fearful, angry, and controlling. For those who experience abnormal jealousy, the emotion sets up a self-fulfilling prophecy. As their [partners] try to avoid them, their worst fears of losing love and respect are realized,  says Robert L. Barker, in Green Eyed Marriage. Eventually, jealousy can lead to resentment and defensiveness. ???It also will destroy the trust in a relationship and lead to more arguments, especially if the jealous person makes demands and constantly questions the other person. Intense emotional experiences can also result in physical symptoms.?? Sometimes jealous people also struggle with physical reactions like trembling, feeling dizzy, depression, and having trouble sleeping. Their constant anger and need for reassurance also can lead to the end of the marriage or relationship, especially if they become abusive and do not deal with their jealousy in healthy ways. How to Handle Jealousy in Marriage If your marriage is experiencing jealousy issues, it is important to address it before it gets out of hand. Here are some suggestions for handling jealousy in a healthy way. Realize That Some Jealousy Is Normal There will be people and situations that threaten the security of your marriage. Whether it is a flirtatious co-worker or a job that requires a lot of travel, it is normal to experience a little bit of jealousy. The important thing is that you take time to talk about your concerns and agree on some boundaries that will protect your marriage and your hearts. For instance, you both may agree that limiting contact with a flirtatious co-worker is important for the health of the marriage. Or, you may decide that talking at bedtime while one spouse is on the road may alleviate concerns. The key is that you discuss the issues calmly and come up with solutions together. Get to the Root of the Jealousy When one partner is feeling jealous on a consistent basis, it is important to find out why that is happening. For instance, is the jealous partner feeling insecure because you are not spending much time together as a couple? Or, does the marriage have trust issues due to infidelity? Rather than get defensive or offended by jealousy, ask questions. Try to understand where the jealousy is coming from and what can be done to alleviate it. Create an Atmosphere of Trust One of the best ways to guard against jealousy, is to create an atmosphere of trust. This process begins with both partners being trustworthy. In other words, they are faithful, committed, and honest. Trustworthy people do not lie about how they are spending their time. They also do not cheat on their spouses. If you both guard against these pitfalls, the trust in the relationship will grow and crowd out jealousy. Develop a Healthy Attachment Find ways to spend time together and bond. A marriage is more than just living together and sharing a bed. It involves showing affection, spending time together, and building an attachment to one another. Whats more, any threats to your attachment should be a cause for concern. Jealousy is appropriate when it is a signal that the marriage is at risk. Recognize When Jealousy Is Abusive Jealousy in response to a real threat to the relationship is normal. But, if one partner is jealous for no reason, this could be a red flag especially if the jealousy includes extreme anger, unrealistic expectations, and unfounded accusations. Whats more, this type of jealousy is not a one-time thing. It is a pattern of behavior that repeats itself over and over. Another hallmark of abusive or unhealthy jealousy is an attempt to exert control over another person as well as making outlandish accusations. If you find yourself responding with I was only... or I was just... to questions on a regular basis, that is a red flag. You need to get help right away before things spiral out of control. Coping With Your Own Jealousy If you are the one struggling with jealousy in your relationships, you may want to think about why you are feeling jealous. For instance, do you struggle with self-esteem or are you afraid your partner will leave you? Or, has your partner been unfaithful in the past and you are worried it will happen again? Either way, your jealous feelings need to be dealt with. The best way to do that is to find a counselor or a therapist who can help you learn to manage your jealousy in healthy ways. Like most other difficult emotional experiences, if treated correctly, jealousy can be a trigger for growth. Addressing jealousy can become the first step in increased self-awareness and greater understanding for both you and your mate. Here are some steps to overcoming your jealous feelings. Admit that youre jealousAccept that your jealousy is hurting your marriageDiscuss the roots of your jealous feelingsAgree not to spy on your spouseMake a decision to change your behaviorRealize you cannot control someone else, but you can control your reactionSet fair ground rules that you can both agree toSeek professional help as a couple if necessary A Word From Verywell When jealousy becomes unhealthy, it is hard to deal with and can destroy relationships and create toxic marriages. For this reason, if you are experiencing overwhelming jealousy that is interfering with the health of the marriage, it is important to find a neutral party to help you understand why the jealousy exists. This person can give you tools for coping with jealousy in a healthy way.

Explain Legal Issues, Policies and Procedures Relevant to...

Explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare As part of the government’s scheme in raising and maintaining national standards for recognised qualifications it is of importance to maintain certain records. Training Organisations are subject to inspection by OFSTED so have to keep records for performance, safety and financial reasons. †¢ Registers-attendance at lessons †¢ Visit Report Forms-proof you are visiting candidates †¢ Course assessment sheets-record of tests and progress †¢ Course feedback forms-feedback from candidates †¢ Health and Safety Check Forms-Ensuring safe working environment †¢ Equality and Diversity†¦show more content†¦This is to ensure that no learner or employee receives less favourable treatment on grounds not relevant to good practice. Therefore employees and learners must not harass or intimidate other employees and learners on the grounds of race or sex, disability or sexual orientation. Data Protection Data protection Act 1998 gives people the right to access information held about them. The organisation I work for is registered with the Data protection registrar and they are required to only store information for the purpose of the NVQ training. Information cannot be shared with a third party. If it is essential that vital information is need ed by a third party, this is only shared if the individual has given their consent. The information held for learners and employees are not excessive but just the correct information required. Data is updated regularly if learners or employees change address, phone numbers etc. Records on individual learning are also updated regularly. Data are not kept longer than necessary. 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Essay On Sky Rocketing - 750 Words

Credit Card Delinquencies Are Sky Rocketing — And There’s Just One Answer Thats Sustainable With the stock markets at record highs and unemployment at a comfortable, there is one problem that is currently being overlooked. That issue is consumer debt and it should not be ignored, even during the good times and it should be a great concern for most people. The stubbornness of cumbersome personal debt following a recovery highlights problems that are systemic. Even with healthy looking numbers, jobs are still rapidly going overseas. Student debt increases as the cost of attending College keeps getting more costly. In certain instances, prosperity might even ensure a debt crisis thats going downhill when, for instance, local communities†¦show more content†¦The two options are debt settlement services that are for-profit and non-profit credit counselors such as the NFCC, which was started in 1951. 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Introduction to heritage tourism Free Essays

In Northern Ireland heritage tourism attractions can be classified in many different ways. These include manmade but not built to attract tourists attractions, manmade and purpose built to attract tourists attractions, natural attractions and can also be applied to special events. It is hoped that this seminar will help people to gain a wider understanding and appreciation of heritage tourism and the efforts of the bodies who do so much excellent work in order to protect and preserve Northern Ireland’s rich heritage attractions. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to heritage tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manmade but not built to attract tourist heritage attractions include the Walls of Derry which were built in 1613 to protect the inhabitants from hostile enemies. They fulfilled their purpose during the siege by the Jacobites and defended the city for more than a hundred days until the siege ended. Another example of a heritage attraction is St Columb’s Cathedral, built in 1633 and was the first cathedral in the British Isles to be built after the Reformation. Today, like the Walls, they are the city’s most popular tourist attraction and receive hundreds of tourists a year .However the Cathedral is still used to worship in. The Walls are owned by the Honourable The Irish Society but are looked after by the Environment and Heritage Service. Manmade and purpose built to attract tourist attractions include the Tower Museum, which was built in 1992, which has displays on the early history of Derry, the Siege and the role it played during World War Two. Another example of this is the Ulster American Folk Park in Tyrone which was primarily built as an educational facility. It was built in the late 1970’s to celebrate the United States’ bicentenary in 1976. It is owned by MAGNI (National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland) which looks after all the museums and parks in its care. Natural attractions include the Giant’s Causeway in County Antrim which was formed sixty five million years ago by the cooling of magma into its unique hexagonal shapes. It is perhaps the legend of Finn MacCool forming the Causeway that is perhaps more interesting than the actual formation. It is also the only World Heritage Site in Ireland having been made so in 1986. Special heritage attractions include the Halloween festival and the Maiden City Festival in Derry. The Maiden City festival was first held in 1997 and has had an extremely successful run each subsequent year. It embraces both sides of the community and has helped both sides to gain a better understanding of the others culture. The Banks of the Foyle Halloween Carnival has had perhaps an even more successful run. It won the Northern Ireland Tourist Board’s â€Å"Event of the Year† Award in 2002. To tie in with the festivities are ghost tours around the city and story telling in the Tower Museum. 0950- The National Trust The National Trust was established in 1895 by Robert Hunter, Octavia Hill and Hardwicke Rawnsley to â€Å"guard† the threatened coastlines, countryside and historic buildings of the United Kingdom. They had been concerned with the unrestrained development and industrialisation of the Victorian Era. Since 1884 Hunter had been calling for the establishment of an organization to â€Å"administer its property with a view to the protection of the public interests in open spaces.† In over a hundred years it has become the largest independent conservation body in the world and now owns more than two hundred historic buildings , more than six hundred thousand acres of countryside and more than five hundred miles of coastline. Its main aim is, and always has been, to â€Å"maintain and care for the coast, countryside and historic buildings on behalf of the nation†. In Northern Ireland the Trust owns almost fifty different properties spread around the country .These include Mount Stewart in County Down which is one of the Trust’s more popular properties in Northern Ireland. The property not only includes some of the most magnificent gardens in Northern Ireland but also objects of historical significance. The dining room features the actual chairs that were used by the delegates in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The house also contains priceless paintings which were collected by members of the family over several centuries. The Dining Room Mount Stewart Another popular property is Florencecourt in County Fermanagh. It was previously the home of the Enniskillen family and was given to the National Trust by the fifth Earl of Enniskillen in 1953. It is also of natural importance as on its grounds is the first Yew Tree was planted here in 1767. The land around the house is owned by the Forest Service which purchased the land from the sixth Earl of Enniskillen in 1975. Florence Court, County Fermanagh In County Antrim the Trust owns the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge. It was primarily used as a way for fishermen to Carrick-a-Rede Island. Over one hundred thousand tourists visit the bridge every year. It is also an excellent place to view porpoises, dolphins and basking sharks. Carrick- a-Rede Rope Bridge The Giant’s Causeway is the most popular heritage attraction in Northern Ireland and is the only UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ireland. More than five hundred thousand tourists a year visit the area from around the world. Over sixty million years old it was formed by lava flowing into the sea and gradually cooling and hardening. In 2002 the Giant’s Causeway and Bushmills Railway opened more than fifty years after its predecessor the Giants Causeway, Portrush and Bush Valley Tramway closed. The line runs from the Giant’s Causeway to Bushmills. The Causeway is also an important area for wildlife including peregrine falcons and a rare species of bird known as chough. The Causeway is the last known area in Northern Ireland for these birds to inhabit. The Giant’s Causeway The Trust also owns and manages the Mourne Mountains specifically Slieve Donard and Slieve Commedagh. Slieve Donard is Northern Ireland’s highest mountain standing at a majestic 850 metres. The Trust has only owned these two mountains since 1991 and, since it is a charity, it had to use its own money to buy them. It managed to raise enough money through a fundraising campaign and bought over a thousand acres. The Mournes have an abundance of wildlife including ravens, hares and rare dragonflies. Slieve Donard and Slieve Commedagh The Trust also owns and cares for sites that belong to Northern Ireland’s industrial heritage such as Patterson’s Spade Mill in County Antrim. It operated from 1919 to 1990 and was purchased by the Trust in 1992. It is the last working water-powered spade mill in the British Isles. The spades are still available for purchase at around twenty pounds. 1010- The Environment and Heritage Service The Environment and Heritage Service is the largest department in the Department of the Environment with more than five hundred personnel. It advises and implements the Government’s policy on the environment in Northern Ireland. Their main aim is â€Å"to protect and conserve the natural and built environment and to promote it’s appreciation for the benefit of present and future generations.† One of the areas the EHS cares for includes Scrabo Tower and Country Park in County Down. It was built in 1857 in memory of the 3rd Marquis of Londonderry (who also owned Mount Stewart) and can be seen for miles around. There is also a disused mine where the famous Scrabo Rock was extracted and exported to other areas of the United Kingdom. The EHS also cares for Roe Valley Country Park in County Antrim. It is home to a wide variety of wildlife including foxes, badgers and otters. The park is also a popular place for recreation including salmon and trout fishing, canoeing rock climbing, orienteering and riverside and woodland walks. They also look after Dunluce Castle in County Antrim which was built in the late 16th century. The incident in 1639 in which the kitchen fell into the sea is what the Castle is most renowned for. Carrickfergus Castle, Bellaghy Bawn, Ballycopeland Windmill, Dundrum Castle, Inch abbey, Grey Abbey and Hillsborough Courthouse. Other country parks and countryside centres the EHS cares for include Portrush, Countryside Centre, Castle Archdale County Park, Ervey Wood and Ness Wood. Scrabo Tower and Country Park Dunluce Castle Greenpeace Greenpeace had it’s beginnings in 1971 when several people protested at the USA detonating underground nuclear bombs in a area used by rare otters near Alaska. It has grown in the last thirty years and has over 2.8 million supporters around the world. It operates in more than forty countries and has its headquarters in Amsterdam. Greenpeace’s latest triumph has been in putting pressure on the World Heritage Committee to add Lake Baikal (the largest fresh water lake in the world) and the Volcanoes of Kamchatka in Russia to the list of World Heritage sites. More than twelve million hectares will now be preserved. Greenpeace also successfully put pressure on the WHC to declare the Komi Virgin Forests in the Urals a World Heritage Site. 1100-The Wildlife Trust It is the United Kingdom’s largest conservation charity devoted to wildlife. No member of the trust is paid as all of its members volunteer to help the Trust. The Trust cares for more than two thousand nature reserves. There were four hundred thousand voluntary members of the Trust in 2002 and the member is still growing. Membership costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½24 a year for one person and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½36 per annum for a family membership. They have 47 local trusts and a trust for children known as the Wildlife Watch who work together to protect wildlife in different areas from cities to the countryside especially in national and country parks. The local trust in Northern Ireland is the Ulster Wildlife Trust and was founded in 1978. In Northern Ireland there are more than 2000 members of the Trust. Their main aim is to â€Å"help people recognise that a healthy environment, rich in wildlife and managed on sustainable principles, is essential for continued human existence.† WWF The World Wide Fund for Nature’s main aims are to protect and conserve endangered species and to address global threats to wildlife. However it only works to protect animals in the wild and has â€Å"no experience or expertise to deal with issues relating to animals in captivity. Whereas the larger organisation works on international issues relating to animals the UK organisation work to look after the countries wild animals. It can be involved in many matters affecting wildlife such as challenging the government on the destruction of the countryside. It also puts forward the effects of tourism in wildlife. Unlike other heritage organisations it owns no property and therefore has more money to spend. How to cite Introduction to heritage tourism, Papers

Muslims Politics Essays - Abrahamic Religions, Arab Nationalists

Muslims Politics For decades, the situation in Palestine has been promoted as an "Arab" issue, or a "Palestinian" issue, and Muslims have, by and large, gone along with this charade. Such a belief gas proven fatal as the Zionists have succeeded in further dividing the opposition to their occupation of Palestine, with the inevitable weaknesses that implies. And yet, paradoxically, with the latest "peace treaties", between themselves and Jordan, and with the Palestinians of Yasser Arafat's Palestine National Authority (sic), the Zionists have brought into the open what should have been obvious all along. Palestine is an Islamic Issue, and Muslims all over the world have a duty to care about what is going on. Failure to do so, to dismiss it as yet another nationalistic or regional flash point best left alone, is tantamount to surrendering the land of Al-Isra wal Mi'raj to Zionist control. Why? Consider the evidence. Who are now promoted as the demons of the case, the "enemies of peace" as they have been dubbed by the world's politicians and media? The Muslims. Under whose rule did peace actually exist in the Holy land, with Muslims, Christians and Jews alike sharing the land in harmony? The Muslims'. Who are persecuted mercilessly by those self-same "peace-loving" regimes? The Muslims! How much more evidence do we need before we wake up to what is really happening? We have heard how King Hussein of Jordan has been "guaranteed his right" to be the guardian of Al-Aqsa, usurping Arafat's tenuous and preposterous claim to that honour. And yet what sort of guardian allows his ward to be occupied and desecrated by hostile forces? Politics is a dirty business, especially in the international arena. It is one of the worst-kept secrets that King Hussein has been a regular visitor to Israel over the years for talks with the Israeli government. He has also met Israeli leaders in London and other world capitals on many occasions. It would be interesting to know, therefore, exactly what deals have been agreed behind closed doors leading to the treaty between Israel and Jordan. When it is remembered that neither Arafat nor Mubarak were inveted to the signing ceremony two points emerge for consideration. One, any remain- ing notion of Arab unity is exposed as a myth, since the three musketeers- Hussein, Arafat and Mubarak now follow the motto "all for none and one for one" Second, the Israelis are mastering the art of divide and conquer, and it is not too difficult to see who is doing both the dividing and the ruling. Ever since the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia declared "Jihad" against the Zionists, saying that Muslims should only travel to Al-Aqsa with the intention of liberating it, the third holiest place of Islam has been virtually abandoned by the Muslims. Occasional visits by Muslims from South Africa (who have never needed visas to visit "Israel", the apartheid and now post apartheid regime being almost indistinguishable from the Zionists), and some from Europe and the USA, hardly demonstrate much enthusiasm for the Prophet's advice (upon whom be blessing and peace): "Muslims should only undergo the hardships of a journey to visit three mosques - the Haram Sharif in Makkah, Madinah and Masjid Al-Aqsa." This has played right into the hands of the Zionists whose aim is to destroy Al-Aqsa and build their temple in its place. Anyone who doubts this should study the recent history of attacks on the site, and the excavations carried out by the Israelis in the name of "archaeology" but which are in reality intended to destabilize ancient buildings. So the fewer Muslims there the better as far as they are concerned. While Muslims from outside Palestine stay away voluntarily, the Muslims of Palestine are prevented by force from attending to their daily prayers at the mosque. How can the worldwide Ummah accept this? How can we sit back and watch while western lackeys like Hussein and his kind bargain away the first Qiblah? How can we prepare to face Allah and His Messenger (upon whom be blessings and peace) on the Day of Judgement, Knowing that we did nothing to protect the site of his miraculous night journey and ascension? We have already seen the annexation of Muslim land and mosques; places of work - ship have been turned into night clubs, bars and police stations. Not content with partitioning the land, the Zionists have done the same to Masjid Ibrahimi in Al-Khalil; most of the mosque is now a synagogue. Even the media has played its

5 of the biggest motivation myths

5 of the biggest motivation myths Activate your potential for success! Seize the day! Everything is right there waiting for you! Motivational slogans can be very appealing. They tug at our best selves, suggesting that there’s a positive, productive human being just waiting to break free if we can just coax it out the right way. That sounds great, in theory- but in reality, a lot of this motivational-speak just doesn’t cut it. Let’s look at some of the bigger motivation myths floating out there that don’t really work as well as they promise.Myth: All you need is the right motivation!Motivation is great- it’s also not the only thing. If you want to be more productive and successful in your career, it’s important to make sure you’re building up your skills and experience in addition to doing those mega-positive self-affirmations in the mirror each morning. A positive outlook is great, but you need the goods to back it up if it’s going to propel you to doing great t hings.Myth: Just do your best.This is one we likely all heard as kids. Just try, and you’ll be great. While that works well for little kids, as an adult, it doesn’t do anything to push you beyond your level. As a professional adult, â€Å"do your best† is kind of like a participation trophy. If you truly want to motivate yourself, try to go beyond â€Å"this is what I think I can do† if you want to build ambition. In theory, you’re doing your best anyway- how does this motivate you to push yourself higher?Myth: Visualize what you want.Planning and goal-setting is a great way to get ahead. But if you’re just visualizing the end outcome (you standing on the Olympic podium, singing along with the national anthem), you’re missing out on the process it takes to get there (cut to a training montage of you sweating, swimming, drinking kale smoothies, and running up stairs, Rocky-style).Myth: You need to reward yourself to achieve your goals. I will forever defend the idea that a little #treatyoself is a necessary part of life. But you shouldn’t be setting your career goals and working toward them just because of the personal rewards or incentives you attach to them. And there’s the fact that it just doesn’t always work. Look at salespeople- most sales jobs have built-in commissions or incentives to perform well. Yet if rewards were all that are necessary to build motivation to achieve goals, then every salesperson would be performing at top capacity, all the time. Again, your career is a process, and incentives don’t always motivate you to do your best.Myth: Don’t think about setbacks.Setbacks are disappointing, but they can also be good motivators. If you understand why things went wrong, and take from it that crucial knowledge about what you can do better or differently the next time, that gives you motivation to make improvements and show that you can bounce back.The thing about mot ivation is that it’s totally unique to you- so platitudes only go so far. If you’re doing careful planning and embracing a high level of self-awareness, you’ll find what specifically works for you as you build your career and reach toward your goals.

Transcription vs. Translation

Transcription vs. Translation Evolution, or the change in species over time, is driven by the process of natural selection. In order for natural selection to work, individuals within a population of a species must have differences within the traits they express. Individuals with the desirable traits and   for their environment will survive long enough to reproduce and pass down the genes that code for those characteristics to their offspring. Individuals that are deemed â€Å"unfit† for their environment will die before they are able to pass down those undesirable genes to the next generation. Over time, only the genes that code for the desirable adaptation will be found in the gene pool. The availability of these traits are dependent upon gene expression. Gene expression is made possible by the proteins that are made by cells during   and translation. Since genes are coded for in the DNA and the DNA is transcribed and translated into proteins, the expression of the genes are controlled by which portions of the DNA get copied and made into the proteins. Transcription The first step of gene expression is called transcription. Transcription is creation of a  messenger RNA molecule that is the complement of a single strand of DNA. Free floating RNA nucleotides get matched up to the DNA following the base pairing rules. In transcription, adenine is paired with uracil in RNA and guanine is paired with cytosine. The RNA polymerase molecule puts the messenger RNA nucleotide sequence in the correct order and binds them together. It is also the enzyme that is responsible for checking for mistakes or mutations in the sequence. Following transcription, the messenger RNA molecule is processed through a process called RNA splicing. Parts of the messenger RNA that do not code for the protein that needs to be expressed are cut out and the pieces are spliced back together. Additional protective caps and tails are added to the messenger RNA at this time as well. Alternative splicing can be done to the RNA to make a single strand of messenger RNA able to produce many different genes. Scientists believe this is how adaptations can occur without mutations happening at the molecular level. Now that the messenger RNA is fully processed, it can leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope and proceed to the cytoplasm where it will meet up with a ribosome and undergo translation. This second part of gene expression is where the actual polypeptide that will eventually become the expressed protein is made. In translation, the messenger RNA gets sandwiched between the large and small subunits of the ribosome. Transfer RNA will bring over the correct amino acid to the ribosome and messenger RNA complex. The transfer RNA recognizes the messenger RNA codon, or three nucleotide sequence, by matching up its own anit-codon complement and binding to the messenger RNA strand. The ribosome moves to allow another transfer RNA to bind and the amino acids from these transfer RNA create a peptide bond between them and severing the bond between the amino acid and the transfer RNA. The ribosome moves again and the now free transfer RNA can go find another amino acid and be reused. This process continues until the ribosome reaches a â€Å"stop† codon and at that point, the polypeptide chain and the messenger RNA are released from the ribosome. The ribosome and messenger RNA can be used again for further translation and the polypeptide chain can go off for some more processing to be made into a protein. The rate at which transcription and translation occur drive evolution, along with the chosen alternative splicing of the messenger RNA. As new genes are expressed and frequently expressed, new proteins are made and new adaptations and traits can be seen in the species. Natural selection then can work on these different variants and the species becomes stronger and survives longer. Translation The second major step in gene expression is called translation. After the messenger RNA makes a complementary strand to a single strand of DNA in transcription, it then gets processed during RNA splicing and is then ready for translation. Since the process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, it has to first move out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores and out into the cytoplasm where it will encounter the ribosomes needed for translation. Ribosomes are an organelle within a cell that helps assemble proteins. Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA and can either be free floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum making it rough endoplasmic reticulum. A ribosome has two subunits - a larger upper subunit and the smaller lower subunit. A strand of messenger RNA is held between the two subunits as it goes through the process of translation. The upper subunit of the ribosome has three binding sites called the â€Å"A†, â€Å"P† and â€Å"E† sites. These sites sit on top of the messenger RNA codon, or a three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. The amino acids are brought to the ribosome as an attachment to a transfer RNA molecule. The transfer RNA has an anti-codon, or complement of the messenger RNA codon, on one end and an amino acid that the codon specifies on the other end. The transfer RNA fits into the â€Å"A†, â€Å"P† and â€Å"E† sites as the polypeptide chain is built. The first stop for the transfer RNA is a â€Å"A† site. The â€Å"A† stands for aminoacyl-tRNA, or a transfer RNA molecule that has an amino acid attached to it. This is where the anti-codon on the transfer RNA meets up with the codon on the messenger RNA and binds to it. The ribosome then moves down and the transfer RNA is now within the â€Å"P† site of the ribosome. The â€Å"P† in this case stands for peptidyl-tRNA. In the â€Å"P† site, the amino acid from the transfer RNA gets attached via a peptide bond to the growing chain of amino acids making a polypeptide. At this point, the amino acid is no longer attached to the transfer RNA. Once the bonding is complete, the ribosome moves down once again and the transfer RNA is now in the â€Å"E† site, or the â€Å"exit† site and the transfer RNA leaves the ribosome and can find a free floating amino acid and be used again. Once the ribosome reaches the stop codon and the final amino acid has been attached to the long polypeptide chain, the ribosome subunits break apart and the messenger RNA strand is released along with the polypeptide. The messenger RNA may then go through translation again if more than one of the polypeptide chain is needed. The ribosome is also free to be reused. The polypeptide chain can then be put together with other polypeptides to create a fully functioning protein. The rate of translation and the amount of polypeptides created can drive evolution. If a messenger RNA strand is not translated right away, then its protein it codes for will not be expressed and can change the structure or function of an individual. Therefore, if many different proteins are translated and expressed, a species can evolve by expressing new genes that may not have been available in the gene pool before. Similarly, if an is not favorable, it may cause the gene to stop being expressed. This inhibition of the gene may occur by not transcribing the DNA region that codes for the protein, or it could happen by not translating the messenger RNA that was created during transcription.